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Industrialized society currently faces a wide range of non-infectious, immune-related pandemics. These pandemics include a variety of autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic diseases that are often associated with common environmental triggers and with genetic predisposition, but that do not occur in developing societies. In this review, we briefly present the idea that these pandemics are due to a limited number of evolutionary mismatches, the most damaging being “biome depletion”. This particular mismatch involves the loss of species from the ecosystem of the human body, the human biome, many of which have traditionally been classified as parasites, although some may actually be commensal or even mutualistic. This view, evolved from the “hygiene hypothesis”, encompasses a broad ecological and evolutionary perspective that considers host-symbiont relations as plastic, changing through ecological space and evolutionary time. Fortunately, this perspective provides a blueprint, termed “biome reconstitution”, for disease treatment and especially for disease prevention. Biome reconstitution includes the controlled and population-wide reintroduction (i.e., domestication) of selected species that have been all but eradicated from the human biome in industrialized society, and holds great promise for the elimination of pandemics of allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases.
- William Parkera,* and
- William Parkerb
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aDepartment of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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bDepartment of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Newton Building, Avenue Campus, University of Northampton, Northampton NN2 6JD, UK
- ↵Correspondence: William Parker, Ph.D., Duke University Medical Center, Box 2605, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC 27710, Telephone: 919-681-3886, FAX: 919-681-7263, E-mail: bparker@duke.edu
- Received February 21, 2013.
- Revision received March 25, 2013.
- Accepted April 1, 2013.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Recordamos Seminario:
Hipótesis de la Biodiversidad y Antropología Evolutiva y Reconstitucián del Bioma, el sábado 22 de febrero 2014.
Hora 7: 30 am Clínica de Asma y Alergia Llámenos: 22781169, 84316458C 88825513, 89465022C.
Airflow Limitation and Spirometry
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